Namun satu per satu personel Koes Plus ini pun mengembuskan napas terakhirnya, yang diawali oleh Tony Koeswoyo pada 27 Maret 1987. Tony merupakan pimpinan dari band yang sempat masuk bui ini. Pada 1 Februari 2014, sang penabuh drum Koes Plus, Murry, pun berpulang. Murry merupakan satu-satunya personel yang bukan bagian dari keluarga Koeswoyo. Koes Plus Berjaya Pada tahun 70an hingga 90an. Kami Menyajikan Koleksi lagu Koes plus dan juga menambahkan beberapa Album Lagu Selain Koes Plus dalam Aplikasi Koes Plus Best Album Mp3. Album favorite saya 00:00 Yon K/Yok K/Tonny K - Penyanyi Tua 03:11 Tonny K - Andaikan 05:46 Yok K - Demi Kasih Sayangnya 07:56 Yon K - Ku Tunggu-tunggu 10:10. Koes Plus, formerly Koes Bersaudara, is an Indonesian musical group that enjoyed success in the 1960s and 1970s. Known as one of Indonesia's classic musical acts, the band peaked in po read more View full artist profile.

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Dangdut (/dɑːŋˈduːt/) is a genre of Indonesianfolk music that is partly derived and fused from Hindustani, Arabic music and to lesser extent, Malay and local folk music. Dangdut is a very popular genre in Indonesia and also Malaysia because of its melodious instrumentation and vocals. Indonesians dance in somewhat similar to the ghoomar while listening to dangdut music, but in a much slower version.^{[citation needed]} Dangdut features a tabla and gendang beat.^[1][2]

One of the most popular Dangdut musicians and singers such as Rhoma Irama, known as the 'King of Dangdut'; Mansyur S.; Meggy Z; and Ellya Khadam include strong Indian-music influence in the basis of harmony, theme, and beat to their songs and also by other popular dangdut singers also.

Dangdut is very popular throughout Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, and other Malay-speaking regions.

A dangdut band typically consists of a lead singer, male or female, backed by four to eight musicians. Instruments usually include a tabla, gendang, flute, mandolin, guitars, sitar, drum machines, and synthesizers.^[3] The term has been expanded from the desert-style music to embrace other musical styles.^[1] Modern dangdut incorporates influences from Middle Eastern pop music, Western rock, house music, hip hop music, disco music, contemporary R&B, and reggae.^[1][4]

The popularity of dangdut peaked in the 1990s. By 2012, it was still largely popular in the western parts of Indonesia, but the genre was becoming less popular in the eastern parts, apart from Maluku.^[5] Meanwhile more regional and faster-paced forms of dangdut (as opposed to slower, Bollywood-influenced dangdut) have risen in popularity.

Development[edit]

The term dangdut is a onomatopoeia for the sound of the tabla (also known as gendang) drum, which is written dang and ndut.^[6]Putu Wijaya initially mentioned in the May 27, 1972 edition of Tempo magazine that the doll song from India was a mixture of Malay songs, desert rhythms, and Indian 'dang-ding-dut'. It was reportedly coined by music magazine Aktuil, although Rhoma Irama stated that it was coined as a term of derision by the rich to the music of the poor. Despite its derogatory intent, it was seized upon by those playing it, and the term appears in Rhoma's 1973 dangdut classic Terajana:

Sulingnya suling bambu - The flute, a bamboo flute

Gendangnya kulit lembu - The drum, from cow hide

Dangdut suara gendang rasa ingin berdendang - Dangdut's drum sound makes you want to sing

Dangdut as a term distinguished the music of Javanese people from the Orkes Melayu (Malay orchestra) of North Sumatran Malays. Besides orkes Melayu, the primary musical influence on dangdut was Indian Bollywood music (Filmi). The song 'Terajana' pays homage to the 1959 Bollywood hit 'Tera Jana Ke,' and though dangdut is primarily written in the Indonesian language, respect was paid to the Indian influence. The next verse of 'Terajana' is as follows:

Terajana... Terajana - Terajana, Terajana

Ini lagunya... lagu India - This is the song, song of India

Orkes Melayu singer Ellya Khadam switched to dangdut in the 1970s, and by 1972 she was the number one artist in Indonesia. Her success, with that of Rhoma Irama, meant that by 1975, 75 percent of all recorded music in Indonesia was of the dangdut genre, with pop bands such as Koes Plus adopting the style.

Culture[edit]

Most major cities, especially on Java, have one or more venues that have a dangdut show several times a week. The concerts of major dangdut stars are also broadcast on television.

Beginning in 2003, certain dangdut musicians became the focus of a national controversy in Indonesia regarding performances by koplo dangdut singer Inul Daratista, which religious conservatives described as pornography. Protests led by dangdut megastar and devout Muslim Rhoma Irama called for Daratista to be banned from television, and legislation was passed in 2008 by the People's Consultative Assembly that introduced a broad range of activities described as pornography.^[7]

The flamboyant performances at some dangdut shows also attracted collateral attention in May 2012 when a row broke out in Indonesia over a planned performance by international star Lady Gaga in Jakarta due to be held in early June 2012. In the face of opposition from conservative Muslim groups^[which?] in Indonesia, the planned show was canceled. This cancelation led numerous commentators to note that opposition to Lady Gaga's performances was surprising given the nature of some dangdut shows.^[8]

Dangdut remains an integral part of Indonesian life and pop culture despite conservative Muslim concerns over the supposed vulgarity of some performances (such as by Dewi Persik and Julia Perez).^[9]

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Because the popularity of the genre, some movies and TV shows have dangdut-centered themes, such as Rhoma Irama's movies and Rudy Soedjarwo's Mendadak Dangdut.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abcCampbell, Debe (18 April 1998), 'The 'Billboard' report: Dangdut thrives in SE Asia—music rules Indonesia', Billboard, 110, p. 1
2. ^Nuvich, Alexandra (18 April 1998), 'Dangdut thrives in SE Asia--Malaysia embraces genre', Billboard, 110, p. 1
3. ^'No Money, No Honey: a Study of Street Traders and Prostitutes in Jakarta' by Alison Murray. Oxford University Press, 1992. Glossary page xii
4. ^Gehr, Richard (10 December 1991), 'Dawn of Dangdut', The Village Voice, 36, p. 86
5. ^''Dangdut' loses appeal in Indonesia: Expert', The Jakarta Post, April 25, 2012, archived from the original on 2012-05-06
6. ^Wallach, Jeremy (2014), 'Notes on Dangdut Music, Popular Nationalism, and Indonesian Islam', in Bart, Barendregt (ed.), Sonic Modernities in the Malay World: A History of Popular Music, Social Distinction and Novel Lifestyles (1930s – 2000s), Leiden: Brill, pp. 271–90, ISBN978-90-04-25986-7, JSTOR10.1163/j.ctt1w8h0zn.13
7. ^Gelling, Peter (30 October 2008), 'Indonesia passes broad anti-pornography bill', The Wall Street Journal
8. ^M. Taufiqurrahman, 'Dangdut' the collateral damage in the Gaga saga', The Jakarta Post, 8 June 2012.
9. ^'Raunchy dangdut music stirs debate in Indonesia', BBC News, 27 March 2012

External links[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

• Andrew N. Weintraub, Dangdut Stories: A Social and Musical History of Indonesia's Most Popular Music, Oxford University Press, 2010; ISBN978-0-19-539567-9

Coordinates: 6°54′S112°03′E / 6.9°S 112.05°E

Tuban is a town located on the north coast of Java, in Tuban Regency, approximately 100 km west of Surabaya, the capital of East Java. Tuban is surrounded by Lamongan in the east, Bojonegoro in the south and Rembang, Central Java in the west.

As an ancient town, Tuban is of considerable historical and cultural value. The most prominent feature is the beauty of the scenery such as beaches, caves, and forests, especially the teak forest.

Tuban was formerly an important port in the Majapahit era and is mentioned in Chinese records from the eleventh century. An ancient anchor from one of Kublai Khan's ships is preserved in the historical museum. Tuban is believed to have been Islamised before its conquest by Demakc. 1527. Even following its Islamisation, it remained loyal to Hindu-Buddhist Majapahit in the interior.^[1] The grave of Sunan Bonang, a sixteenth-century Islamic missionary - one of the Wali Sanga involved in the initial spread of Islam in Java, is located in Tuban. The site is within a few minutes walk of the alun-alun (town square). This site is an important destination for Muslim pilgrims.

The Dutch name of the city is 'Toeban'.

History[edit]

The town's name has been derived from the following story: a mythical pair of birds flying from Majapahit to Demak dropped a precious heirloom stone on the town thereafter named Tuban based on the Javanese phrase 'waTU tiBAN atau meTU BANyu', which means 'stone fallen from the sky'. Another explanation refers to flooding ('TU BANyu' meaning 'water streaming out') that occurred when the aristocratic Islamic scholar Raden Dandang Wacana entered the Papringan Forest, discovering an old well near the seaside that miraculously contained freshwater. The name has furthermore been derived from 'Tubo', meaning poison, in keeping with the name of a Tubanese subdistrict named Jenu to this day, which carries the same meaning.

The official history of Tuban began in the Majapahit era in the 13th century. There was once an important ceremony when the king of Majapahit crowned Ronggolawe as the principal of the Tuban region. It was held on 12 November 1293 and that date has become the anniversary of Tuban, making it more ancient than Surabaya. Tuban's 700th anniversary was celebrated with a grand parade of decorated floats in 1993. The spread of Islam was pioneered by Sunan Bonang and his follower named Sunan Kalijaga, who was the son of the Tubanese principal in the 13th century. Tuban was considered a center of Islamic culture and politics throughout the 15th century.^[2]

Economy[edit]

Tuban is famous for tobacco and hardwood teak production. PT Semen Gresik, a major state-owned cement company, opened the largest cement factory in Indonesia in Tuban in 1994. A petrochemical plant operated by Trans-Pacific Petrochemical Indotama (TPPI) opened in 2006 after several years of delays. in 2010 also will be built in Tuban Holcim cement plant & Coal Fired Power Station to be built in Jenu.

Education[edit]

There are four universities in Tuban, Universitas Sunan Bonang and the recently established Universitas Ronggolawe (UNIROW), which started as a Teacher Training College named IKIP PGRI TUBAN, STITMA and STIKES NU (College of Health Sciences Nahdlatul Ulama Tuban) which was inaugurated by Health Minister Hj. Siti Fadilah Supari. Voluntary Service Overseas posted a number of ELT volunteers to train local counterparts from 1989 onwards, followed by teachers from Volunteers in Asia, all warmly received as the only Westerners (called Londo, derived from the Javanese word for Belanda = Dutch) in town. Among the town’s secondary schools is Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Tuban.

Tourism[edit]

Tuban is famous for its unique batik, locally known as Batik Gedog. Typical motifs are sea animals in dark colours such as blue and purple. There is a traditional Chinese temple named Klenteng 'Kwan Sing Bio' by the beach, which is visited by many local tourists from Surabaya and environs, especially when Imlek, the Chinese New Year is celebrated.

Tuban is known as the 'City of a Thousand Caves' since there are so many caves in the area, containing both stalactites and stalagmites. Famous caves such as Goa Akbar and Goa Maharani (which contains sophisticated pre-formed statues believed to be natural by young and old) are located near the city. Besides, there are many recreational sites worth visiting, such as Goa Ngerong, a natural swimming pool called Pemandian Alam Bektiharjo, a waterfall named Air Terjun Nglirip, and the beach and pier for young couples, Pantai Boom.

Tuban is also well known for its beverage 'tuak', strong palm wine taken from the Aren tree (called uwit bogor) served in large bamboo mugs called centak. Historically, the Tubanese used tuak as a strategic weapon against the colonial invaders, who were unable to fight when inebriated. Its non-alcoholic variety named Legen is drunk by women and children. Tuak and a kind of gin named arak are also served at traditional dance parties known as Tayuban or Sindiran, at which heavily made-up and padded female entertainers called Waranggono sing satirical songs and dance with paying males till the break of dawn, accompanied by a small gamelan orchestra. The dance movements are a vulgarised version of the Central Javanese palatial dance style known as Srimpi. One of the most notable of these entertainers, Nyi Sumini, was selected as one of five representatives to perform at Jakarta's Taman Mini Indonesia Indah park. One of Indonesia's most famous and prolific pop bands, Koes Plus, hailed from Tuban.

The most luxurious hotel in town, the Hotel Mustika was burnt to the ground when riots broke out after one of the candidates accused his opponents of having framed the outcome of the local elections to decide who would become the next regent or Bupati. The first female candidate in Tuban's history, Haeny Relawati, won and the instigator of the riots has been imprisoned.^{[citation needed]}

Kwan Sing Bio Temple[edit]

Tuban has the largest statue in Southeast Asia of Kwan Sing Tee Koen, aka Kwan Kong, aka Guan Yu. It is at the Tri Dharma Kwan Sing Kwan Sing Bio Chinese Temple, and is 30 metres (98 ft) high. Some Islamic extremists oppose this statue due to the statue being bigger than Indonesia's statue of General of the Army Raden Sudirman at Sudirman Street, Jakarta. A temple spokesperson said that Kwan Sing Tee Koen is a god with only a 15 centimetres (5.9 in) statue in the temple to which people pray, whereas the 30 meter statue is only a monument. A construction permit was obtained, and many Islamic organizations in Tuban didn't mind the statue, although some outside Tuban compare the Kwan Sing Tee Koen and Sudirman statues.^[3][4] In August 2017 escalating protests lead to the statue of Guan Yu being covered with a white sheet, and a mob at Surabaya demanded the statue's destruction.^[5]

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Climate[edit]

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Tuban has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) with moderate to little rainfall from April to November and heavy rainfall from December to March.

Notable people[edit]

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• Maria Kristin Yulianti, badminton player
• Koes Plus, musician
• Haeny Relawati, first female regent (bupati)
• Sunan Bonang, one of Wali Songo
• Dewangga Wisma S.K., student

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Notes[edit]

1. ^Ricklefs, M.C. 1991. A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1300. 2nd Edition, Stanford: Stanford University Press. page 37, ISBN0-333-57690-X
2. ^Federspiel, Howard M. (1995). A Dictionary of Indonesian Islam. Ohio University, Center for International Studies. p. 274. ISBN978-0-89680-182-0.
3. ^Hasanudin Aco (August 2, 2017). 'Ramai Perdebatan Media Sosial soal Patung Dewa Tertinggi se-Asia Tenggara yang Ada di Tuban'.
4. ^Heri Agung Fitrianto. 'Kisah Kwan Kong Di Kelenteng Kwan Sing Bio'. Retrieved August 2, 2017.
5. ^Goldman, Russell (August 10, 2017). 'In Indonesia, Chinese Deity Is Covered in Sheet After Muslims Protest'. The New York Times. Retrieved August 11, 2017.
6. ^'Climate: Tuban'. Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 16 November 2020.

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